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Mugabe’s tenure during that first
decade was almost flawless. Though a keen student of Maoist economic
and revolutionary philosophies, he sagely kept government out of the new
Zimbabwe’s three most profitable industries: massive, modern commercial
farms which produced enough foodstuffs to feed roughly half of Africa,
rich deposits of gold, chrome, copper, and other bulging veins of
mineral wealth, and a tourism industry that included yawing game
reserves and the thundering Victoria Falls. Mugabe retained experienced
Europeans to run his military, banks, and courts, and was able to open
the fledgling nation to an army of eager foreign investors. With foreign
capital pouring in, he used that wealth to invest in Zimbabwe’s future.
He built schools and hospitals, while aggressively pumping money into
the national infrastructure. When the British-mandated Lancaster House
Agreement between the Rhodesian government and Mugabe’s nationalist
faction ended in 1987, Zimbabwe looked more like Europe than Africa.
Downfall
It is argued that Zimbabwe’s disintegration came as
a result of the first real challenge to Mugabe’s political authority in
1999, when the newly formed Movement for Democratic Change ran a
successful, disciplined campaign against his 20 year incumbent party,
ZANU-PF. When elections came in 2000, the MDC gained nearly 50 percent
of Zimbabwe’s parliamentary seats, despite widespread accounts of
vote-rigging and voter intimidation by the government. Mugabe reacted violently to what he saw as an unforgivable betrayal.
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